It was used during the Napoleonic Wars against smugglers trading with England and assisting in the escape of monarchists. A citizen of Ukraine, who voluntarily took the post of First Deputy of the Occupation District Administration of Skadovsk, is also charged with collaborationism with the Russian occupation forces. Public denial of the fact of armed aggression against Ukraine, occupation of its territories, denial of the extension of state sovereignty to the occupied territories. This included improvements in conditions at camps, better food, health care, education, and vocational training. "[63][64], On February 4, 2017, Oleg Anashchenko, the head of the department of the so-called "People's Militia of the LPR", was killed in Luhansk as a result of a car bombing in the city center. Human Rights Without Frontiers International. Since World War II, historians have reserved its use mostly to refer to the wartime occupation of France by Germany in World War II. A downed Russian helicopter crashed right behind his house near Gostomel, and he simply went out to find out if his help was needed. Since the authority that demands cooperation may have brutally harmed the locals in the process of conquest, collaborating with this authority can be a morally explosive issuethe history of war inevitably involves stories of collaboration"[44], Timothy Brook: "On 30 October 1940, six days after meeting with Adolf Hitler in the railway station at Montoire, Philippe Ptain announced on French radio that 'a collaboration has been envisioned between our two countries.' Acts as an official in illegal government bodies that caused death of people or other serious consequences (up to life imprisonment). [52], Immediately after the seizure of the village of Dymer in Kyiv Oblast, a local resident, Oleksandr Kharchenko, headed the collaboration administration. Though the definition of "collaborationism" is not provided, the law contains a list of illegal acts that lead to punishment. Source: Dumskaya (10 June), A teacher from Zhytomyr will be tried for collaborationism. In 2020-2021, the border guard gave another ex-military occupier country information about high-ranking officers of the National Guard of Ukraine, according to the investigation for their further elimination. : Facebook . [29], In Mariupol, Donetsk region, which was partially controlled by the Russian military, 10 Mariupol city councillors, one Lyman city councillor, the deputy of the city council from the party "Opposition platform - For life" Kostyantyn Ivashchenko, along with nine representatives of the party, agreed to cooperate. [9], The first case of collaborationism was sent to court on March 30, 2022, where a resident of Kramatorsk published a video in TikTok in which he denied the fact of the Russian invasion and called to support the actions of the aggressor country. [57], On January 23, 2015, Yevhen Ishchenko, who was the "mayor" of the occupied city of Pervomaysk, was killed by unidentified persons during the shelling of his car on the Pervomaysk-Lysychansk highway. Former Village Candidate from the "UKROP" party, installed as "Head of, Died in a car bombing near a Soviet monument in. According to Article 111-1 of the Criminal code of Ukraine individuals/citizens of Ukraine are criminally liable for collaboration. [30][31] Police said it was unlikely that such a young boy would have been recruited as an informer. [36] On March 19, 2022, the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine reported that it had data on 245 people who may be helping Russia. So, according to the investigation, from March 18 to March 31 of this year, the suspect, having actually removed himself from the exercise of his . Luckily we haven't had that ma. In the occupied territories, many politicians who previously spoke from pro-Russian positions refused to cooperate with the Russian military, and the occupation administrations were formed from among insignificant politicians, petty officials and random people. High-profile German collaborators included Dutch actor Johannes Heesters or English-language radio-personality William Joyce (the most widely known Lord Haw-Haw).[27]. [14][15], With the defeat of the Axis, collaborators were often punished by public humiliation, imprisonment, and execution. [23][24], In Luhansk Oblast, the Russian military was supported by the mayor of Stanytsia Luhanska, Albert Zinchenko,[25] the mayor of Rubizhne, Serhiy Khortiv,[26] the head of the Markov community Igor Dzyuba, the head of the village of Melovoye Oleg Savchenko,[27][28] and the head of the Svatovsky District Council Lyudmila Rusanova. According to the Office of the Prosecutor General, she is charged with treason committed under martial law (Part 2 of Art. [16][17] In Energodar, a parallel government body, the "Public Council of Self-Organization of the City," was created under the leadership of city council member Andriy Shevchyk. [62], In September 2016, the occupation authorities arrested Gennadiy Tsypkalov, the head of the "LPR Council of Ministers," in Luhansk in a case of attempted coup d'tat. [49], After February 24, however, many of the enlisted enforcers refused to carry out FSB missions. [10] Upload media Abstract. [31] In Volnovakha during the first months of the occupation, the Russian military replaced 4 leaders of the city, in May 2022 this position was occupied by a former security official, businessman and MP from the Opposition Platform for Life, Artur Antsiferov. ? John Hickman identifies thirteen reasons why occupied populations might hold collaborators in contempt,[46] because they are perceived as: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Moulin refused to collaborate, knowing that the bombing massacre was done by Germans. On August 31, 2018, a bomb explosion in the Separ cafe in Donetsk killed the Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic Alexander Zakharchenko. [43] On 15 March 2022, 335 deputies voted for his expulsion. (OPLE), who was part of the team of the chairman of the regional council Vladislav Manger, suspected of involvement in the murder of Kherson activist Kateryna Handziuk. What is collaborationism? Ukraine: New Laws Criminalize Collaboration with an Aggressor State The ideological basis of collaborationism in Ukraine during the Nazi occupation, Kyiv, Vyd. [9], The Washington Post reported that the Ukrainian authorities after the capture of Kherson faced problems related to ambivalent attitude or even sympathy towards Russia among many residents: some of them fled the city when Russian troops retreated, reducing the human resource for rebuilding the city, while the other part stayed behind and, according to the Washington Post, it is unknown what should be done with them. [19][20], The mayor of Kupyansk, Kharkiv Oblast, Hennadiy Matsegora, went to the side of the Russian Federation. Ex-deputy from the pro-Russian party OP-ZZh, self-proclaimed mayor of, Injured in an explosion at the entrance of his house in Energodar, Head of the occupation administration of the, Responsible for media policy in the occupation administration, head of the election headquarters of United Russia, Injured his buttocks as a result of the explosion, Head of the occupation administration of the village of Mikhailovka, Injured in a car bombing, succumbed to death at the hospital, Deputy head of the traffic police at the occupation administration of Berdyansk, Injured in an explosion near his car, succumbed to death from shrapnel wounds at the hospital, Commandant of the Russian-occupied city of Berdiansk, Lost both of his legs in the explosion of his car near the building of the city administration of Berdyansk by the, Deputy Head of the occupational administration of Berdyansk for housing and communal services, Head of the territorial election commission for holding a referendum on the entry of the Zaporozhye region into Russia, Former Chief Editor of a Local Newspaper, installed as Deputy Head of Berdiansk Administration in Regards to Foreign Policy and Mass Communication. What collaborative acts are considered criminal in Ukraine? The minimum is the deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activities for people holding positions in illegal government bodies that are not related to the adoption of administrative or organizational decisions, as well as for those who spoke out in support of Russia in the media and the Internet. DOI: 10.33327/AJEE-18-5.3-n000312 take into account the current situation in the country and allow the law enforcement bodies, What is the reality? Wartime collaboration - Wikipedia Criminal liability for collaboration with the Russian Federation - GOLAW Together with the Russian management forces of the city and a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, she distributed literature of the Ministry of Education of the aggressor country in schools in order to promote the Russian ideology among the local population. In the last two years of the occupationprime-minister Ioanni Rallis, created the Security Battalions, military corps that collaborated openly with the Germans, and had a strong anti-communist ideology. of Archpriest Mikhail Pavlushenko was in fact a misunderstanding. [citation needed]. However, the Soviet Union did find some individuals who would work with them, and this is demonstrated notably by the Lublin government set up by the Soviets in 1944 that operated in opposition to the Polish government-in-exile. The Ukrainian government has since compiled a "registry of collaborators." In Odessa region, the SBU exposed a pro-Russian Internet agitator. Punishment is introduced for public denial of Russian armed aggression against Ukraine, support for the actions of Russia, propaganda, and the transfer of material resources. [5], German citizen and non-Nazi Franz Oppenhoff accepted appointment as mayor of the German city of Aachen in 1944, under authority of the Allied military command. 436-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (justification, recognition of lawful or denial of armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, glorification of its participants) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. [3], Depending on the corpus delicti, Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code provides for penalties of varying severity. The accused also claimed that the Ukrainian media misinform the population about the consequences of the occupation in cities and villages. 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). After the liberation of Borodianka, the priest was taken to the SBU and released after six days of interrogation without bringing any charge. In 1921-22, over 10,000 members of the Ukrainian army were shot by Soviet authorities. What punishment is provided for cooperation with the aggressor state? According to the Office of the Prosecutor General, the suspect, working in the recruitment group of the border detachment of the State Border Service of Ukraine, was recruited and cooperated with a reserve officer of the Armed Forces of the occupying state. ", "Syrian Kurds continue to blame Turkey for backing ISIS militants", "Kurdish security chief: Turkey must end support for jihadists", "Turkey's "double game" on ISIS and support for extremist groups highlighted after horrific Istanbul attack", "Ukraine cracks down on 'traitors' helping Russian troops", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wartime_collaboration&oldid=1165569531, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2014, Articles with dead external links from January 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023, Articles needing additional references from March 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, benefiting from their own poor decisions as leaders before the occupation, violating the norms of the traditional political order, This page was last edited on 16 July 2023, at 01:01. active cooperation with the occupation authorities. By party affiliation, most of the collaborators were members of the pro-Russian Opposition Platform - For Life (19 out of 34 members of political parties)[6], Following the invasion, Russia began to organize military-civilian administrations in occupied territories, despite the fact that Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that Russia's plans do not include the occupation of Ukrainian territories.[7][8]. Legal Assessment and Speculation on the Topic of Collaborationism in Ukraine. Legal regulation After the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the Verkhovna Rada adopted two laws on collaborationism, which were later signed by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy: [1] [2] Bill No. ", " 2022 34 ", " : () - - StopCor", " , , , ", " ", " DW 24.06.2022", "26-year-old collaborator was shot in Nova Kakhovka - Apolline Petit", ": ", " ", " , - ", " ", "Deputy Head of Russian-Occupied Kherson Region Dies in Car Crash", "Ukrainian ex-deputy and collaborator Buliuk's car detonates in Kherson Oblast", "Top collaborator of Russian-occupied Skadovsk hospitalized after car bomb blast", "BREAKING: Pro-Russian head of Lyubimovka in Ukraine's Kherson region reportedly assassinated", " : " "", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", "Car explosion in Berdiansk: So-called "commandant" lost his legs and is fighting for life", " "" , ()", " "" ", "Explosives planted in collaborator's car in Berdiansk he has been hospitalised", "The SOF: A collaborator was blown up in occupied Berdyansk", "Russian collaborator in serious condition after home explodes in Melitopol, Ukraine", "Official: Collaborator killed in occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast", "In Berdiansk, the car of a collaborator Valentyna Mamai was blown up", "Collaborator's car explodes in Berdyansk mayor", "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, February 3, 2023", "Puppet leader of Zaporizhzhia Oblast Rohov reports car blown up in Enerhodar", "Local collaborator Pavel Sharogradsky was found murdered in Novoaydar", "From poisoned pie to oiled-up train tracks: How 'partisans' are fighting a war of sabotage for Ukraine", " ", "Who Is Olga Kachura? 110, Part 5 of Art. Source: Dumskaya (17 June). To prosecute collaborators, articles on treason, financing of terrorism, obstruction of the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, etc. 111 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). After the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the Verkhovna Rada adopted two laws on collaborationism, which were later signed by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy:[1][2], The law on collaborationism has been discussed since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2014, but the Ukrainian authorities feared that too many residents of the occupied territories could fall under its action. [22] Mayor of Izyum Valery Marchenko reported that two deputies of the city council and the ex-mayor had gone over to the side of the occupiers. [21], Vidkun Quisling (18871945), a major in the Norwegian Army and former minister of defence. The activities undertaken can be treasonous, to varying extent, and in a World War II context generally means working with the enemy actively.[5]. The Prosecutor General's Office announced this on Facebook, Ukrainian News Agency reports. I hope that all those who started to cooperate with us from the local residents have managed to leave Ukraine". HRWF puts a database of news from a variety of outside sources at the disposal of human rights researchers. At the same time, policemen and judges who continued to work after the occupationunequivocally fall under the law. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, About cases of collaboration with the Russian occupying forces and of treason. [4] The second type of mass collaboration were the indigenous security formations (majority ethnic Russian) running into hundreds of thousands and possibly more than 1 million (250,000 volunteers in the East Legions alone). On 15 March 2022, a new crime establishing criminal responsibility for collaborationism was introduced in the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The leadership of the community noted that the employees of the city executive committee refused to cooperate with Russian appointees. [5], After the legally elected mayor Ivan Fedorov was kidnapped by the Russian military in Melitopol, his acting Galina Danilchenko was appointed - a deputy of the City Council from the pro-Russian "Party of Regions", and then the "Opposition Bloc". A downed Russian helicopter crashed right behind his house near Gostomel, and he simply went out to find out if his help was needed. John Hickman. [18] The head of Balakliia, Ivan Stolbovy, agreed to cooperate with the Russian authorities. [33], On March 16, 2022, the movement "launched" the database of traitors of Ukraine "DerzhZradnyky". The main aim of such changes. In its report, the Rada Committee said:As of today the National Police of Ukraine have registered five criminal proceedings against religious collaborators, of which only one case was sent to court against a priest on the fact of public denial of military aggression against Ukraine, public calls to support decisions and actions of Russia under Part 1 Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (High treason).. According to the amendment, liability was introduced for attempts to organize elections or organize power in the territories occupied by Russia. In some cases, the meaning was not disrespectful at the beginning, but changed with later use when borrowed: the Ottoman term for the sipahi soldiers became sepoy in British India, which in turn was adapted as cipayo in Spanish or zipaio in Basque with a more overtly pejorative meaning of "mercenary". dim Kyievo- Mogyljans'ka akademija . [69], Several collaborating officials from Kherson were injured as a result of targeted attacks by the HIMARS MLRS: the head of the labor department was injured when the building of the regional administration was hit on September 16, the former deputy of the Verkhovna Rada from the "Party of Regions" Oleksiy Zhuravko during the shelling of the hotel building, the first deputy head of the regional occupation administration for security as a result of an accurate hit on his house.[73].